From Florida, the European telescope has set off on an expedition to find the answer to the world’s biggest question of science: What is the universe made of?
The Euclid mission effort: will create 3D maps to detect the properties of dark matter and dark energy. Apparently, these two together control the shape and size of everything we can see. However, researchers admit that they do not know about them. Both dark matter and dark energy cannot be directly observed.
Professor Isobel Hooke, an astrophysicist at Lancaster University in the UK, believes that the Euclid mission will advance man’s understanding of this unknown matter.
He told BBC News that it is like a man who goes on a journey on a ship but does not know where the land is.
We will map the universe and try to understand where we fit in, how we got there, how the universe got from the Big Bang to such beautiful galaxies, and how the solar system formed.’
A decade has been launched into space with the help of a 1.4 billion (£) Euclid Falcon Nine rocket, which is being sent to a location 1.5 million kilometers from Earth.
Past experiments have shown that dark energy accounts for 70% of the energy in the entire universe, dark matter makes up 25% of all visible matter, and everything else, including stars, gas, planets, and us, makes up only five percent.
Euclid will conduct a six-year survey to discover this mysterious 95 percent.
Its most important task will be to examine the prevalence of dark matter, which cannot be directly touched or sensed but exists, according to astronomers, as evidenced by its effects on matter.
For example, galaxies cannot maintain their shape if they do not have some kind of support and this support is considered to be dark matter. Although this material cannot be seen, its dispersion can be measured with a telescope because light from distant galaxies is reshaped by it. The first such attempt was made with the help of the Hubble telescope when only a fraction of two square degrees was measured.
With the help of Euclid, the dark matter will be measured in 15 thousand square degrees of the sky, which will be assisted by the special camera of this telescope.
Professor Mark Cropper of UCL’s Millard Space Science Laboratory says the telescope will produce images so large that 300 high-definition TVs would be needed to view just one of them. Dark energy, on the other hand, is a different concept.
Apparently, this mysterious force is accelerating the expansion of the universe. In 1998, three scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize for its discovery.
Euclid will map the three-dimensional dispersion of galaxies to investigate this energy and use the space between these objects as a scale to measure the dispersion over time.
Euclid will measure the position of nearly two billion galaxies 10 billion light-years away from Earth.
“Then we’ll be able to ask some interesting questions,” says Professor Bob Nicholl of the University of Surrey.
While talking to the BBC, he said, “Did the expansion of the universe accelerate in every direction? ” Nowadays we normal out each estimation, but in case the boom there isn’t happening within the same way because it is here, at that point what? This will be a scientific discovery.
Euclid won’t be able to tell if dark matter is dark energy, but his research will undoubtedly help constrain existing theories.
For example, his research could lead to new ideas about how to find the substance that represents dark matter. So distant, each such endeavor has fizzled.
As for dark energy, Euclid could tell scientists that this unknown force could be explained by a new theory of gravitation, rather than what they thought existed in the void of space. This will also be a new scientific discovery.
“It’s also possible that dark energy is a fifth force, a new force in the universe that only works on a larger scale and doesn’t affect life on Earth,” says Professor Mark.
But does it affect the universe and how far will it spread? Will it continue to expand forever, getting bigger and bigger? Or it will all be destroyed one day.
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